Horror film - Wikipedia. A famous scene from the 1. German horror film Nosferatu. A horror film is a movie that seeks to elicit a physiological reaction, such as an elevated heartbeat, through the use of fear and shocking one’s audiences. Inspired by literature from authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Bram Stoker, and Mary Shelley, the horror genre has existed for more than a century. The macabre and the supernatural are frequent themes. Horror may also overlap with the fantasy, supernatural fiction and thriller genres. Horror films often deal with viewers' nightmares, fears, revulsions and terror of the unknown. Plots within the horror genre often involve the intrusion of an evil force, event, or personage into the everyday world.
Giallo (Italian pronunciation:, plural gialli) is a 20th-century Italian thriller or horror genre of literature and film. Especially outside of Italy, giallo refers.Prevalent elements include ghosts, extraterrestrials, vampires, werewolves, demons, satanism, gore, torture, vicious animals, evil witches, monsters, zombies, cannibals, psychopaths, natural or man- made disasters, and serial killers. The Cave of the Demons, literally . In 1. 90. 8, Selig Polyscope Company produced Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Paul Wegener's The Student of Prague (1. The Golem trilogy (1. Robert Wiene's The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1. 92. 0), Arthur Robison's Warning Shadows (1. Paul Leni's Waxworks (1. The first vampire- themed movie, Nosferatu (1. Bram Stoker's Dracula. The 1970s was a good time for horror cinema. Here's our rundown of the 10 best horror films released during that decade. Other European countries also, contributed to the genre during this period. Some notable examples include The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1. The Phantom of the Opera (1. The Cat and the Canary (1. The Unknown (1. 92. The Man Who Laughs (1. Many of these early films were considered dark melodramas because of their stock characters and emotion- heavy plots that focused on romance, violence, suspense, and sentimentality. Directors known for relying on macabre in their films during the 1. Maurice Tourneur, Rex Ingram, and Tod Browning. ![]() Ingram's The Magician (1. Tod Browning's Dracula (1. James Whale's Frankenstein (1. The Old Dark House (1. Some of these films blended science fiction with Gothic horror, such as Whale's The Invisible Man (1. German films. Frankenstein was the first in a series of remakes which lasted for years. The Mummy (1. 93. Egyptology as a theme; Make- up artist. Jack Pierce was responsible for the iconic image of the monster, and others in the series. Universal's horror cycle continued into the 1. B- movies including The Wolf Man (1. The once controversial Freaks (1. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (Paramount, 1. Jekyll's transformation before the camera. Both appeared in three of Val Lewton's atmospheric B- movies for RKO in the mid- 1. The Body Snatcher (1. Two subgenres began to emerge: the Doomsday film and the Demonic film. Japan's experience with Hiroshima and Nagasaki bore the well- known Godzilla (1. House of Wax (1. 95. D film to draw audiences, while The Tingler used electric seat buzzers in 1. Filmmakers continued to merge elements of science fiction and horror over the following decades. Considered a . The film conveyed the fears of living in the Atomic Age and the terror of social alienation. During the later 1. UK emerged as a major producer of horror films. The Hammer company focused on the genre for the first time, enjoying huge international success from films involving classic horror characters which were shown in color for the first time. Drawing on Universal's precedent, many films produced were Frankenstein and Dracula remakes, both followed by many sequels. Other British companies contributed to a boom in horror film production in the UK during the 1. Released in May 1. British psychological thriller Peeping Tom (1. Michael Powell was the first . France continued the mad scientist theme, while Italian horror films became internationally notable. American International Pictures (AIP) made a series of Edgar Allan Poe–themed films. Films in the era used the supernatural premise to express the horror of the demonic. The Innocents (1. Henry James novel The Turn of the Screw. Meanwhile, ghosts were a dominant theme in Japanese horror, in such films as Kwaidan, Onibaba (both 1. Kuroneko (1. 96. 8). Rosemary's Baby is a 1. American psychological horror film written and directed by Roman Polanski, based on the bestselling 1. Ira Levin. Another influential American horror film of this period was George A. Romero's Night of the Living Dead (1. Produced and directed by Romero on a budget of $1. An Armageddon film about zombies, it began to combine psychological insights with gore. Distancing the era from earlier gothic trends, late 6. Low- budget splatter films from the likes of Herschell Gordon Lewis also gained prominence. The Exorcist (1. 97. Robert Wise's film Audrey Rose (1. Alice, Sweet Alice (1. Catholic- themed horror slasher about a little girl's murder and her sister being the prime suspect. Another popular occult horror movie was The Omen (1. Antichrist. Invincible to human intervention, Demons became villains in many horror films with a postmodern style and a dystopian worldview. Another example is The Sentinel (1. Hell. During the 1. Italian filmmakers Mario Bava, Riccardo Freda, Antonio Margheriti, and Dario Argento developed giallo horror films that became classics and influenced the genre in other countries. Representative films include: Black Sunday, Blood and Black Lace, Castle of Blood, Twitch of the Death Nerve, The Bird with the Crystal Plumage, Deep Red, and Suspiria. Don't Look Now, a 1. British- Italian film directed by Nicolas Roeg, was also notable. Its focus on the psychology of grief was unusually strong for a film featuring a supernatural horror plot. Another notable 1. The Wicker Man, a British mystery horror film dealing with the practice of ancient pagan rituals in the modern era. It was written by Anthony Shaffer and directed by Robin Hardy. The ideas of the 1. Wes Craven's The Hills Have Eyes (1. The Last House On The Left (1. Tobe Hooper's The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1. Romero satirized the consumer society in his zombie sequel, Dawn of the Dead (1. Meanwhile, the subgenre of comedy horror re- emerged in the cinema with The Abominable Dr. Phibes (1. 97. 1), Young Frankenstein (1. The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1. An American Werewolf in London (1. Also in the 1. 97. Stephen King began to be adapted for the screen, beginning with Brian De Palma's adaptation of Carrie (1. King's first published novel, for which the two female leads (Sissy Spacek and Piper Laurie) gained Oscar nominations. Next, was his third published novel, The Shining (1. Stanley Kubrick, which was a sleeper at the box office. At first, many critics and viewers had negative feedback towards The Shining. However, the film is now known as one of Hollywood's most classic horror films. This psychological horror film has a variety of themes; . This type of film is an example of how Hollywood's idea of horror started to evolve. Murder and violence were no longer the main themes of horror films. During the 7. 0s and 8. Another classic Hollywood horror film is Tobe Hooper's Poltergeist. Poltergeist is ranked the 2. Chicago Film Critics Association. Both The Shining and Poltergeist involve horror being based on real- estate values. The evil and horror throughout the films come from where the movies are taking place. John Carpenter created Halloween (1. Sean Cunningham made Friday the 1. Wes Craven directed A Nightmare on Elm Street (1. Clive Barker made Hellraiser (1. This subgenre would be mined by dozens of increasingly violent movies throughout the subsequent decades, and Halloween became a successful independent film. Another notable '7. Bob Clark's Black Christmas (1. Sleepaway Camp (1. The boom in slasher films provided enough material for numerous comedic spoofs of the genre including Saturday the 1. Student Bodies (1. National Lampoon's Class Reunion (1. Hysterical (1. 98. Some films explored urban legends such as . A notable example is When a Stranger Calls, a 1. American psychological horror film directed by Fred Walton starring Carol Kane and Charles Durning. Steven Spielberg's Jaws (1. Orca (1. 97. 7) and Up from the Depths (1. Jaws is often credited as being one of the first films to use traditionally B movie elements such as horror and mild gore in a big- budget Hollywood film. In 1. 97. 9, Don Coscarelli's Phantasm was the first of the Phantasm franchise. Alien, a 1. 97. 9 British- American science- fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott was very successful, receiving both critical acclaim and being a box office success. John Carpenter's 1. The Thing was also a mix of horror and sci- fi, but it was neither a box- office nor critical hit, but soon became a cult classic. However, nearly 2. The 1. 98. 0s saw a wave of gory . A significant example is Sam Raimi's Evil Dead movies, which were low- budget gorefests but had a very original plotline which was later praised by critics. Vampire horror was also popular in the 1. Fright Night (1. 98. The Lost Boys (1. Near Dark (also 1. In 1. 98. 4, Joe Dante's seminal monster comedy Gremlins became a box office hit with critics and audiences, and inspired a trend of . The slasher films A Nightmare on Elm Street, Friday the 1. Halloween and Child's Play all saw sequels in the 1. Wes Craven's New Nightmare (1. Silence of the Lambs (1. New Nightmare, with In the Mouth of Madness (1. The Dark Half (1. Candyman (1. 99. 2), were part of a mini- movement of self- reflexive or metafictional horror films. Each film touched upon the relationship between fictional horror and real- world horror. Candyman, for example, examined the link between an invented urban legend and the realistic horror of the racism that produced its villain. In the Mouth of Madness took a more literal approach, as its protagonist actually hopped from the real world into a novel created by the madman he was hired to track down. This reflective style became more overt and ironic with the arrival of Scream (1. In Interview with the Vampire (1. The horror movie soon continued its search for new and effective frights. In 1. 98. 5's novel The Vampire Lestat by the author Anne Rice (who penned Interview..'s screenplay and the 1. Film History of the 1. The New Decade for Film- Makers: Although the 1. Hollywood experiencing a financial and. US. film industry. Restrictions on language, adult content and sexuality. And Hollywood was renewed and reborn with the earlier collapse of the. The counter- culture of the time had influenced Hollywood to be freer. Hollywood professionals and old- style moguls died out and a new. Many of the audiences and movie- makers of the late 6. European . Although the 5. Cinema. Scopic. silver screens (and lighter formulaic, squeaky- clean fare such as Pillow Talk (1. Beach Blanket Bingo (1. Motion picture art seemed to flourish at the same time that the defeat. Vietnam War, the Kent State Massacre, the Watergate scandal, President. Nixon's fall, the Munich Olympics shoot- out, increasing drug use, and a growing energy crisis. American Dream (documented, for instance, in. All the President's Men (1. Other. films that were backed by the studios reflected the tumultuous times. US credibility, and hints. Alan J. Pakula's post- Watergate film. The Parallax View (1. Warren Beatty as a muckraking investigator. Senator's death. The Strawberry Statement (1. James S. Kunen's journal and best- selling account of the 1. Columbia and exploited for its countercultural message by MGM. Even Spielberg's Jaws. Watergate conspiracy. Jerry Schatzberg's and 2. Century Fox's raw, relentless and uncompromising The Panic in Needle Park (1. Dominick Dunne) starkly portrayed heroin drug use among addicts in New York City, with Al Pacino in his first major acting role as a drug pusher and part of a heroin- doomed couple (opposite Kitty Winn). Czechoslovakian film- maker Milos Forman's first. American film Taking Off (1. These older institutions were protected. Federal Communications Commission rulings that restricted cable. After cable deregulation. The Green Channel. After. Time Inc. Its debut included a hockey game and the first commercial- free. Sometimes a Great Notion (1. The three- year- old company. HBO's future on satellite programming. RCA's recently- launched communications satellite Satcom I in. HBO inaugurated its satellite- delivered cable service nationwide. Ali vs. Frazier boxing match (. The move made HBO the first successful. U. S. The Search for a Blockbuster and Blockbuster. TV Marketing. The . Oftentimes, studios would invest heavily. In the 7. 0s, the once- powerful MGM Studios sold off many of. Much of the focus was on box- office receipts and the production of action- . But. it was becoming increasingly more difficult to predict what would sell. Hollywood's economic crises in the 1. Second- run film theatres could charge less and often dropped. The average film budget by 1. Therefore, production of Hollywood films decreased precipitously. Soon after, new satellite- delivered basic and premium cable. TV networks were successfully competing against the major TV networks. Viacom’s Showtime (1. Warner Amex’s The Movie Channel (1. Time/HBO’s. Cinemax (1. Disney Channel (1. AMC (1. 98. 4). to maximize profits from weekend. Fridays, in 1. 97. George Carlin's first comedy special was. HBO as On Location: George Carlin at USC (1. HBO comedy concert broadcastsmulti- plex. Toronto in 1. 97. Life Magazine. discontinued its weekly publications in 1. People Magazine. - first published as a weekly magazine in March of 1. Mia Farrow on its first cover), took over the role of celebrity watching. Hollywood realized that it could increase its profits. TV marketing campaign (of $7. TV ads on all the networks). Jaws (1. 97. 5). Universal. Gone with the Wind (1. TV in 1. 97. 6 and drew a huge audience over. The Home Video Revolution: earlier in the previous decade, Ampex in 1. Sony's introduction. VCR) in 1. 96. 9, and the introduction. U- Matic in 1. 97. AVCO Cartri. Vision system was the first videocassette recorder. Columbia Pictures). Sony's Betamax system emerged. However, the company went out of business a year laterthe appearance of Sony's Betamax (the first. VCR or videocassette recorder) in 1. VHS system that was marketed by JVC and Matsushita beginning. Consumers had a choice of. VHS (Video. Home System) or Sony’s Betamax. In 1. 97. 7. 2. 0th Century Fox would follow suit, and begin releasing its films on. RCA introduced the first VCRs in the United. States based on JVC's system, capable of recording up to four hours. VHS video players. One. film- related industry that side- benefited from the development of. VCR was the pornography industry - no longer would adult- movie. X- rated film theatres to view porn. X- rated VCR videotapes. Another side result was. But all of these changes had a down- side too: theater attendance would. Changes from Traditional Hollywood Movie Studios: The established Hollywood movie studios (except for Universal. Walt Disney's Buena Vista) no longer directly controlled production. A new generation. Jack Nicholson, Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, and. Dustin Hoffman - were more skilled as . And conglomerate investment corporations were buying up. All the elements of. The cheaper cost of on- location filming (using Cinemobiles or film studios. Faster film stock, lightweight cinematographic equipment. The functions of film makers. For. example, the decade's popular independent hit and Best Picture winner. John Avildsen's sports film Rocky (1. Sylvester Stallone. Philadelphia boxer Rocky Balboa (inspired by. Chuck Wepner) in a . American International Pictures (AIP) (1. Roger Corman: This low- budget, exploitative, and successful film company, founded in the mid- 5. American Releasing Corporation), was largely responsible for the wave of independently- produced films of varying qualities that lasted into the decade of the 7. The studio's executive producers were James Nicholson and Samuel Arkoff, while its most notable and successful film producer was Roger Corman. He was one of the most influential film- makers. Teenagers were also Corman's dominant target audience in exploitative films such as Teenage Doll (1. The Young Rebels) - about juvenile delinquency, and Sorority Girl (1. As was the case with most AIP films, they were aggressively marketed with publicity campaigns and lurid posters. Corman's own B- movie horror films included a series of adapted Edgar Allan Poe literary tales featuring Vincent Price (i. House of Usher (1. The Raven (1. 96. X: The Man With the X- Ray Eyes (1. Ray Milland. Corman's counter- cultural biker film The Wild Angels (1. Peter Fonda pre- dated the popular Easy Rider (1. The Trip (1. 96. 7) was the first major studio film to chronicle the effects of LSD. AIP also distributed a number of Godzilla (and Gamera) films in the 6. Corman specialized in other exploitative science- fiction/horror films and dramas, such as It Conquered the World (1. Not of This Earth (1. Naked Paradise (1. The Saga of the Viking Women and Their Voyage to the Waters of the Great Sea Serpent (1. Teenage Caveman (1. A Bucket of Blood (1. The Wasp Woman (1. The Last Woman on Earth (1. Creature From the Haunted Sea (1. Roger Corman (. He gave many of these novices. He encouraged them to produce personally- relevant and creative works. This support revived the notion. For instance, Peter Bogdanovich's directorial. Targets (1. 96. 8), made for AIP. And Francis Ford Coppola directed (and scripted) Corman's horror- thriller film Dementia 1. Coppola's first mainstream picture. Jack Nicholson appeared in a number of early Corman movies, including his screen debut in The Cry Baby Killer (1. The Little Shop of Horrors (1. One of Martin Scorsese's earliest- directed films (and his first commercially- conventional film) was Corman's Boxcar Bertha (1. Barbara Hershey and David Carradine as two Depression- era outlaw folk heroes. Writer/director Jonathan Demme's directorial debut was for Corman's Caged Heat (1. And Monte Hellman's two westerns Ride in the Whirlwind (1. The Shooting (1. 96. Jack Nicholson (who also co- wrote and produced the first film). Some of the Prominent Movie Brats (or Geeks) of. George Lucas (USC) Robert Altman. John Carpenter (USC)Francis Ford Coppola (UCLA) Bob Rafelson. William Friedkin. Alan Pakula. Terrence Malick Martin Scorsese (NYU)Michael Ritchie. Brian De Palma (NYU)Woody Allen. Peter Bogdanovich. Paul Mazursky Michael Cimino. Hal Ashby. Steven Spielberg John Cassavetes. Paul Schrader (UCLA)John Milius (USC)Dennis Hopper. Mike Nichols. David Lynch. George Romero. Wes Craven. John Milius. James Cameron. Jonathan Demme. Joe Dante. Bruce Dern. Ron Howard. Gale Anne Hurd. John Sayles. Paul Bartel. Corman offered cinematic advice: use a fast- moving camera to provide speedy. Some of the new directors excelled with an audio- visual approach. The new American wave of film- makers. Italian Neo- realists. French New Wave artists, as stated earlier. Films made outside the traditional Hollywood. Alfred Hitchcock: As a footnote to the decade, director Alfred Hitchcock (without ever. Best Director Oscar) returned to England after his disappointing. Torn Curtain (1. 96. Topaz (1. 96. 9) to make his first. British film in almost two decades - Frenzy (1. His first. Hollywood film had been Rebecca (1. Family. Plot (1. 97. George Lucas. USC. George Lucas added his name to the list of new directors. His. first film, produced by American Zoetrope and executive- produced by Francis. Coppola, was a full- length version of a student science- fiction film he. THX. 1. 13. 8 (1. The numerical moniker would appear as an 'in- joke' in. Lucas works: as the license plate of John Milner's car in American. Graffiti (1. 97. 3), as the number of the cell block holding . His second film that he co- wrote and directed, the low- budget American. Graffiti (1. 97. 3) was a warm- hearted, rites- of- passage film about. California teenagers (unknowns who became future stars including. Harrison Ford, Cindy Williams, Mackenzie Phillips, and Richard Dreyfuss. The film's tagline or slogan encouraged nostalgia. In 1. 97. 1, Lucas formed his own film company, Lucasfilm Ltd., in. San Rafael, California that soon evolved into a number of specialized. Before his next major hit (Star Wars.
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